- in czarist days
- Общая лексика: в царское время, при царе
Универсальный англо-русский словарь. Академик.ру. 2011.
Универсальный англо-русский словарь. Академик.ру. 2011.
czar|ist — «ZAHR ihst», adjective, noun. –adj. 1. of or having to do with a czar or czarism: »a czarist regime, policies, or powers. 2. of, or as of, the time of a czar or czars: »czarist days, a czarist restaurant. –n. a follower of a czar or czars; a… … Useful english dictionary
JEWISH STUDIES — Jewish studies, or often Judaic studies, refers here to the academic teaching of aspects of Jewish religion, history, philosophy, and culture, and associated languages and literatures, at the undergraduate and graduate level in institutions of… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
side-wheel — ˈ ̷ ̷ˌ ̷ ̷ adjective : of, relating to, or constituting a steamer having a paddle wheel on each side * * * side wheeler, n. /suyd hweel , weel /, adj. having a paddle wheel on each side, as a steamboat. [1855 60] * * * sideˈ wheel adjective With… … Useful english dictionary
ZIONISM — This article is arranged according to the following outline: the word and its meaning forerunners ḤIBBAT ZION ROOTS OF ḤIBBAT ZION background to the emergence of the movement the beginnings of the movement PINSKER S AUTOEMANCIPATION settlement… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
RUSSIA — RUSSIA, former empire in Eastern Europe; from 1918 the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (R.S.F.S.R.), from 1923 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.); from 1990 the Russian Federation. Until 1772 ORIGINS The penetration… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
POPULATION — Methodological Uncertainties Because of the great difficulties in ascertaining human population data in general, and Jewish data in particular, especially in ancient and medieval times, a word of caution is even more necessary here than in most… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
ANTISEMITISM — ANTISEMITISM, a term coined in 1879, from the Greek ἁντί = anti, and Σημ = Semite by the German agitator wilhelm marr to designate the then current anti Jewish campaigns in Europe. Antisemitism soon came into general use as a term denoting all… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
AGRICULTURE — in the land of israel in prehistory from the beginning of the bronze age to the conquest of joshua early israelite the period of the first temple the period of the return and the second temple the hasmonean period the mishnaic and talmudic period … Encyclopedia of Judaism
MODERN TIMES – FROM THE 1880S TO THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY — introduction effects of anti jewish discrimination in russia pogroms and mass emigration german jewry racism and antisemitism The Economic Crisis of the Early 1930s In Soviet Russia after 1917 new types of social organization contribution to… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
MILITARY SERVICE — Jews served in the national armies of most countries in which they settled. However, in many states they were denied the right to bear arms before the 20th century since they were considered to be second class citizens, not fit to fight for their … Encyclopedia of Judaism
COMMUNISM — COMMUNISM, the international revolutionary Marxist movement that evolved under lenin s leadership from the Bolshevik faction (created in 1903 in the Russian Social Democratic Party) to become the ruling party of Russia after the October… … Encyclopedia of Judaism